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   Usually see Senior Chang\'s suave and suave appearance and Dr. Liu\'s suave appearance. Who would have thought that they would snap a broken bone during orthopaedic surgery, like Popeye who ate spinach.

   Speaking of cardiac surgery, if thoracoscopy was not developed, traditional surgery would also require broken bones. For this reason, Xie Wanying looked at the rib scissors with a little thought and tried her hand. It was impossible for a teacher to give her this opportunity when she first came on stage. She could only observe how the seniors used tools to convey power to quickly achieve their goals, and then go back and study it to ensure that she will not miss the next time she has a chance.

   After cleaning up the tissue around the diseased thoracic spine, the next step is to take the entire diseased thoracic spine out of the human body, which is the first critical step in the entire operation. In the imagination of outsiders, the connection around the thoracic spine is removed, and naturally this piece can be pulled out, so what else is needed.

   This is a misunderstanding of not knowing the anatomy of the human body.

  There is a vertebral foramen in the middle of the thoracic vertebrae. The vertebral foramen is connected to form the spinal canal. The spinal canal is the central nervous system that controls the trunk and limbs: the spinal cord.

It is self-evident how important    the spinal cord is to the human body. It can be said that if there is no spinal cord, the signal sent by the brain to the body has zero execution effect, and the signal cannot be transmitted.

  If you want to separate the vertebrae from the spinal cord without hurting your spinal cord, there is no other way but to cut the vertebrae in half from the spinal cord. The vertebral foramen and the spinal cord are close together, especially if this is a diseased vertebra, and the tumor has established a connection between the vertebra and the spinal cord. All these, it is very easy to accidentally injure the spinal cord. How to ensure that bone cutting does not accidentally injure the central nervous system? The eyes can\'t see clearly, and they can only rely on monitoring methods like fire alarms. As soon as there was any sign of injury, the police immediately called the police, and the doctor stopped the operation and avoided the alarm area. In spine surgery, such a fire alarm monitoring is called neurophysiological testing. There are three commonly used methods: SEPs that monitor the conduction of ascending sensory nerves, commonly known as somatosensory evoked potentials; MEPs that monitor the conduction of descending motor nerves are motor evoked potentials; and EMG electromyography of nerves that monitor muscle activity.

   Each of the three monitoring projects has its own strengths and weaknesses. The conditions are of course that the advantages and disadvantages are complemented together. The more data the doctor has, the more comprehensive the intraoperative monitoring can be, and the more accurate the surgical activities are to avoid accidental injury.

  The monitoring is all on, the main knife is busy cutting and has no time to look at the monitoring screen for the first time. The assistant is responsible for this and reminds the main knife in time. On the scene, Dr. Liu quickly explained to the students how to observe the data, so that he could help to see it as soon as possible.

   "Simply put, these monitoring items are similar to other monitoring items. The waveform can be judged at a rough glance. The large fluctuation of the waveform definitely indicates that the situation is abnormal." Dr. Liu said.

  This is the meaning of the invention of the waveform diagram by human beings. The undulating curve allows the human eye to judge the abnormal changes of the data most intuitively and quickly, without the need for the human eye to carefully distinguish the changes of the numbers one by one.

The only disadvantage of    is that the waveform diagram can generally only represent one kind of data change. If a complex situation needs to be combined with other data for comprehensive judgment, human brain estimation is essential. Therefore, the doctor who is staring at the instrument has to operate the brain all the time, and it is not as easy as others think. This is most often manifested in complaints from anesthesiologists.

   Thank you for your support! ! Good night dears~

  

  

   (end of this chapter)