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How did    clubfoot come about? Some children can be detected in the mother\'s womb by b-ultrasound in the second and third trimesters before they are born, which means that it is probably not an embryonic deformity, because clubfoot is almost never seen in the b-ultrasound in the first trimester.

  The general medical explanation is that clubfoot is a clubfoot that appears during the pregnancy of the child\'s mother, and the child changes from a normal foot to a clubfoot. The reason may be that the fetal position is incorrect or the fetus is too large, and the child is compressed in the mother\'s womb, causing the foot to deform. Since the only cause cannot be completely determined in medicine, and other causes cannot be ruled out, doctors have been investigating whether factors including genetics cause abnormal varus feet during child development.

  Clubfoot, like other diseases, may be a simple congenital deformity of the foot itself, or it may be a sign secondary to other diseases. The most common secondary diseases are neurosurgical diseases, which include diseases of the central nervous system and diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Nervous central system disease is a problem with the brain and spinal cord. This is a major event that requires a doctor to carefully examine and identify it.

   Pediatric neurosurgical examination is similar to that of adults. It checks the child\'s state of consciousness and examines various superficial and deep reflexes. The only difference between children and adults is that infants and young children are growing and developing, unlike adults who have already developed. As a result, the child is not born with a fully grown head. After the child is born, the brain will continue to develop, and the head will gradually grow larger along with the development of the entire body, which shows that the head circumference will have a relatively normal physiological range.

   Measuring head circumference is a routine item in the normal physical examination of infants and young children. Emergency re-examination is mainly to prevent children from sudden diseases, and some parents are careless and fail to take their children for physical examination on time.

   By measuring the head circumference, we can know that the child\'s brain is developing, and the brain is bound to expand during the development process. In order to meet the needs of growth in this aspect, the human physiological structure deliberately does not close all the sutures of the skull immediately after birth, but waits for the child\'s brain to develop and then closes the entire skull to form the most solid helmet that protects the brain. Because of this, the head of infants and young children is much more fragile than that of adults before the head is closed. Once the trauma of the brain of infants and young children occurs, it can be imagined that it will be very serious and heavier than adults.

Before the   several skulls are closed and closed, the gap area left between them is like a temporarily opened door, so it is called the fontanelle. There are two such fontanelles in total, one is in the front center of the child\'s head, and the diamond-shaped one is the anterior fontanelle. It takes one to one and a half years for the child to completely close. The posterior fontanelle is the back of the triangular-shaped head, and some children are already closed at birth, at the latest six to eight weeks.

  We can sometimes see in clinical practice that the pointy head of the newborn child seems to be deformed, mostly because the anterior fontanelle is not closed, so there is no need to be nervous, and it will grow naturally after it is closed. Experienced old people say that the child is born with a pointed head squeezed out by the mother, which is not completely unreasonable. Because the unclosed fontanelle of the baby is also adjusted so that the head can adapt to the changes of the mother\'s birth canal, which is convenient for the mother to give birth.

   (end of this chapter)