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   said that it is not impossible to measure the flow rate. After measuring the flow rate, compare the similar cases in the past, in fact, the reference value is greater. Otherwise, the doctor would not suggest that a magnetic resonance examination to measure the flow rate can be done before the operation.

  MRI is a precision instrument scanning and a computer calculating.

  How do you measure it visually?

  Wei Shangquan observed the movement of substances in the cerebrospinal fluid on the screen, and said, "You can calculate the flow rate by observing the movement of the little dots."

   It cannot be said that everything Wei said is wrong, it is a basic water flow calculation problem.

   It’s just that if things are so simple, it’s hard to figure out why he, Senior Brother Huang, is in a hurry to find excuses.

   "What\'s the problem?" Wei Shangquan asked.

  Sun Yubo scratched his head and stared at the fellow who was selling off.

   Shi Xu, who was standing beside him, said, "Can you move?"

   Isn\'t the cerebrospinal fluid flowing all the time?

   "It should be moving." Tan Kelin said.

   Hearing what Teacher Tan said, Sun Yubo didn\'t dare to say that it was nonsense that he could not move.

   Isn\'t the cerebrospinal fluid moving?

   Doctors with high seniority, not to mention major surgeons, even if they are not in this specialty, they can also learn by analogy to some things in other departments. Shi Xuxian admitted: "The knowledge of neurosurgery has already been handed over to the teacher. Doctor Cao, why don\'t you tell me, is it a move?"

  In medicine, separate departments are generally separated from each other. Only when you are a medical student, you can earnestly learn comprehensive knowledge. After working in a department for a long time after graduation, it is common to forget about other subjects. Internships are not to be able to learn comprehensive specialist knowledge of each department, it depends on the luck of each medical student.

  Cao Yong said: "The brain is as active as any other organ in the human body."

  People are alive, and life lies in movement. Many organs and tissues in the body are constantly moving, such as the peristalsis of the intestines and the contraction of the gallbladder.

   Heart is beating non-stop. Clinically, I like to say that the heart, the brain, and the brain seem to be integrated, which can be reflected here. When the heart contracts, the volume of the brain tissue increases and the brain parenchyma moves in the direction of the cranial plate of the ventricle, allowing the cerebrospinal fluid to flow out of the ventricle. When the heart is diastolic, the volume of the brain tissue shrinks and the brain parenchyma moves in the opposite direction, and the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle flows back up.

Those at the scene who returned their neurosurgery knowledge to their teachers squinted their eyes after listening to Cao Yong\'s words: the brain can really move, and it\'s not like everyone imagines that the computer doesn\'t move and only the nerves inside do things. It\'s like a heart shrinking.

   "Don\'t you know?" Cao Yong asked them back.

   Puwai Er and the others were collectively silent.

  In the opinion of Cao Yong, this is really too basic knowledge, and it should not be forgotten completely.

   Several other medical students, including Student Wei, even turned pale with fright. They were definitely stuck in their brains and didn\'t think of this knowledge point quickly.

   Got it? Huang Zhilei\'s eyes glanced at these guys who dared to look down on him.

   This speed measurement shows that it is not simply a water flow measurement, but the peak flow velocity during systole and diastole respectively. Because systole is a process, diastole is also a process. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid is also a process, it cannot be a uniform flow rate, only the peak value can be measured.

   Heart beats more than once a second. The systolic and diastolic periods are very short, and the flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid can be said to be changing rapidly.

   (end of this chapter)